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小编:初中英语语法大全(人教版) 11. 动词的时态 11.1 平凡当前时的用法 1) 常常性或习性性的动作,常与表示频腮度的日期状语连用。日期状语: every, sometimes, at, on Sunday。例如: I leave

  初中英语语法大全(人教版)

  11. 动词的时态

11.1 平凡当前时的用法

1) 常常性或习性性的动作,常与表示频腮度的日期状语连用。日期状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:

I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点解脱家。

2) 客观真理,客观存在,在理原形。例如:

The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。

3) 表示警句或警句。例如:

Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

留神:此用法假使出当前宾语从句中,即使主句是先前时,从句谓语也要用平凡当前时。

4) 当前时刻的态势、实力、性情、个性。例如:

比拟:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。

I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。

第一句用平凡当前时,用于把持演示或指点说明的示范性动作,表示言行的刹那动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标记,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用平凡当前时。
归来动词的时态目录
11.2 平凡先前时的用法
1)在评判的先前日期里所缔造的动作或存在的态势。例如:日期状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。

2)表示在先前一段日期内,常常性或习性性的动作。
3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……日期了" "该……了"。例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time that sb. did sth. "日期已迟了" "早该……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁肯某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用先前时,作试探性的询问、哀求、创议等,而平凡先前时表示的动作或态势都已成为先前,现已不复存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我觉得你想要一些。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。

2)情态动词 could, would。例如:

Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借鉴一些吗?
归来动词的时态目录
11.3 used to / be used to

used to + do:"先前常常"表示先前习性性的动作或态势,但如今已不存在。例如:
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈先前没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫先前常常漫步。
be used to + doing: 对……已感到习性,或"习性于",to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。

11.4 平凡未来时
1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所轮换。will 在陈述句管用于各人称,在征求意见常常用于第二人称。
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?
2) be going to +不定式,表示未来。
a. 主语的志愿,即刻做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天计划作什么呢?
b. 计划,料理要缔造的事。例如:The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有形迹要缔造的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。
3) be +不定式表未来,按计划或正式料理将缔造的事。
4) be about to +不定式,意为即刻做某事。例如:
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他即即刻去北京。
留神:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示评判未来时的日期状语连用。

11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时,be going to表未来,will表意愿。
11.6 be to和be going to

be to 表示客观料理或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的计划或计划。

11.7 平凡当前时表未来

1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的平凡当前时能够表示未来,主要用来表示在日期上已评判或料理好的事情。
2)以here, there等初步的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。

3)在日期或条件句中。例如:
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。
4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如:
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我巴望他们下礼拜玩得适意。
11.8 用目向前行时表示未来

下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等目向前行时能够表示未来。

11.9 当前完结时
当前完结时用来表示之前已缔造或完结的动作或态势,其后果的波及当前还存在;也可表示继续到当前的动作或态势。其构成:have (has) +先前分词。
11.10 比拟平凡先前时与当前完结时

1)平凡先前时表示先前某时缔造的动作或纯真讲述先前的事情,着重动作;当前完结时为先前缔造的,着重先前的事情对当前的波及,着重的是波及。

2)平凡先前常常与透彻的日期状语连用,而当前完结时日常与隐约的日期状语连用,或无日期状语。

平凡先前时的日期状语:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆为透彻的日期状语。

当前完结时的日期状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不停定的日期状语。

共同的日期状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。

3)当前完结时可表示继续到当前的动作或态势,动词平凡是继续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。

平凡先前常常用的非继续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。

句子中如有先前时的日期副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能应用当前完结时,要用先前时。

11.11 用于当前完结时的句型

11.13 since的四种用法

1) since +先前一个日期点(如透彻的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。
2) since +一段日期+ ago。
3) since +从句。

4) It is +一段日期+ since从句。

11.14 继续动词与刹那动词

1) 用于完结时的差别

继续动词表示经验、经验; 刹那动词表示行动的后果,不能与表示段的日期状语连用。

2) 用于till / until从句的差别

继续动词用于评判句,表示"做……直到……" 刹那动词用于抵赖句,表示"到……,才……

11.15 先前完结时

1) 思想:表示先前的先前

--------------------------> 其构成是had +先前分词构成。

当初先前 当初 当前

2) 用法

a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如:

She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告知我她曾去过巴黎。

b. 状语从句

在先前不同日期缔造的两个动作中,缔造在先,用先前完结时;缔造在后,用平凡先前时。例如:

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察抵达时,小偷们早就跑了。

c. 表暗示向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用先前完结时表示"原本…,未能…"。例如:

We had hoped that you would come, but youdidn't. 当初我们巴望你能来,可是你不曾来。

3) 先前完结时的日期状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如:

He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他先前学过一些英语。

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年,爱迪生初步自己谋生。

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

汤姆失望了,因为他抵达晚会时,整体部客人已经走了。

典典范题

The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.

A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left

答案D. "把书忘在办公室"缔造在"去取书"这一先前的动作之前,所以"忘了书"这一动作缔造在先前的先前,用先前完结时。句中when表示的是日期的一点,表示在"学友们正忙于……"这一背景下,when所引导的动作缔造。所以前一句使用先前进行时。

留神: had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如:

I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚敞开门,他就打了我。

had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如:

He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。

11.16 用平凡先前时轮换先前完结时

1) 两个动作如按次序缔造,又不着重先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用平凡先前时。例如:

When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起来。

My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子,我把它丢了。

2 ) 两个动作相继缔造,可用平凡先前时;如第一个动作必要若干日期完结,用先前完结时。例如:

When I heard the news, I was very excited.

3) 讲述历史原形,可不用先前完结时,而只用平凡先前时。例如:

11.17 未来完结时

1) 构成will have done

2) 思想

a. 态势完结:表示某事继续到未来某一时为止一直有的态势。例如:

They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到当初他们结婚将有二十年了。

b. 动作完结:表示未来某一时或另一个未来的动作之前,已经完结的动作或获取的经验。例如:

You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天当前,你已经抵达上海了。

11.18 目向前行时

目向前行时的大约用法:

a. 表示当前(指言语人言语时)正在缔造的事情。例如:

We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。

b. 习性进行:表示长年的或重复性的动作,言语时动作未必正在进行。例如:

Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。(言语时并未在写,只处于写作的态势。)

c. 表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:

The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。

It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。

d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示重复缔造的动作或继续存在的态势,常常带有言语人的主观色彩。

11.19 不用进行时的动词

1)表示原形态势的动词,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如:I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。

This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。

2)表示心理态势的动词,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如:I need your help. 我必要你的救助。

He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。

3)刹那动词,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如:

I accept your advice. 我领受你的忠告。

4)系动词,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。

11.20 先前进行时

1)思想:表示先前某时正在进行的态势或动作。

2)先前进行时的主要用法是描述一件事缔造的背景;一个长动作继续的时候,另一个短动作缔造。

3) 常用的日期状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。

  

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  初三英语语法总结

  没什么难的地方.
1.不定代词(some any,all both,either neither,no none,each every,many much,few little的差别与关系)
A复合不定代词12个
Bsome any的用法
2.时态
A平凡当前、先前、未来时
B当前、先前完结时
C先前、当前、未来进行时
D当前完结进行时
3.宾语从句(3种)
4.定语从句(以that为主)
5.构词法,主要词缀(un dis bi ab inter tele re ful tion less ese y ing ed ly able al等)
6.主要缩写
7.形容词与副词的比拟级,最高级
A特殊变换与平凡变换
B用法
8.动词的门类
行动、情态、关系、助动词
9.句子的成分
主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语
10.简单句5大大约句型(顺便把握及物与不如物动词的差别)
11.动词不定式
A大约构造(to+动词原型,抵赖式为not to+动词原型)
B用法
C疑问词+不定式
12.被动语态
A主动与被动的思想
B构成
C情态动词被动语态
13.虚拟语气(以当前不或许缔造为主)
构造为If+主+V-ed,主+would do。
留神从句里面be用were
14.双宾语
15.情态动词
caN could,should,would,would like,might may,have to must,need
奇特留神把握情态动词表揣测
16.直接引语,间接引语
留神指示代词、日期与地点词、动词转换的状况
留神不转换的状况
留神主从一致
17.状语从句(奇特是IF ,WHEN和UNTIL)
留神主句平凡未来时,从句用平凡当前表未来。
18.名词
A专知名词与平凡名词
B可数与不可数
C可数名词单数与复数
D所有格
19.代词
A人称代词
B物主代词
C指示代词
20.数词
A基数词
B序数词
21.动词缩略形式
22.介词
A日期介词
B地点介词
C其他
23.冠词
24.分词
A当前与先前分词
B当前分词做主语等
C分词做定语
25.倒装
A so+动词+主语
B部分倒装
26.特殊
A季节,礼拜,月份,年份读法
B报时
C动词+介词,动词+副词的各种特殊含义
D其他(如7大洲,4大洋,扑克花色,电影.音乐的类型,国度与国都等)
{你是老师就很简捷看懂上面这些了,假使是学生.那就去查查语法书吧.}

  

  九年级英语语法

  好 我也上九年级
复合句:有主句,有从句。从句装点主句的谓语,说明谓语缔造的日期/地点/形式等等。
定语从句:也是复合句的一种,装点主句中的某个次序/代词。
并排句:先后两个句子是相等的,不曾主次之分,常用and/or/but/while等联结。
间接引语:把某人的话引用到自己的句中,不用引号说明,而是放在谓语动词的后面变成了宾语从句。如:she asked who you were.
直接引语:把某人的话引用到自己的句中,用引号说明,如; "Who are you?" she asked.

不定试: 是非谓语的一种, to do, 在句子中作除非谓语之外的所有成分。

九 年 级 英 语 语 法 集 中
——定语从句(the Attributive Clause)
Name: ______________ Class: ______________ No.:______________
一、定义:
在复合句中,装点主句中的某一名词或代词的句子(从句)叫定语从句。定语从句所装点的词叫先行词。定语从句作定语放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词,关系词有:关系代词that,which,who和关系副词when,where,why。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,既起联结作用,同时又作定语从句的一个成分。如:
The girl who is standing on the stage is my sister.
正站在台上的那个女孩是我的妹妹。(关系代词who在句中作主语)
I can’t find the book I bought yesterday.
我找不到我昨天买的那本书。(关系代词that在句中作宾语,可省去)
Madam Curie was a great scientist whose name is known all over the world.
居里夫人是一位全世界闻名的出色在理家。
二、用法:
(一)关系代词的用法:
(1)that指物,有时也指人,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。
which指物,不指人,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。如:
His father works in a factory that/ which makes TV set. (作主语,指物)
The coat I put on the desk is black. (作宾语,可省去)
The books they bought were written by me. (作宾语,可省去)
留神:
which与that指物时可互相轮换,但that比which更常见,奇特在口语中。但要留神that可用来指人,而which则不能指人。
只能用that不能用which引导的定语从句:
①定语从句所装点的词,同时又被形容词最高级装点时,定语从句只能用that引导;
This is the most interesting story I have ever heard.
②定语从句所装点的词,同时又被序数词装点时,定语从句只能用that引导;
The children like the second Lesson that is about The Football March.
③定语从句所装点的词,同时又被the only,the very或the same装点时,
定语从句只能用that引导;
1) It is the only word I know in the passage.
2) This is the same bicycle I lost.
④定语从句装点的词同时又被不定代词,如:all,any,no,every,little,many或much等装点时,定语从句只能用that引导;
Here is all the money I have.
⑤定语从句装点词为everything,something,anything,nothing,all,none,much,little,few等不定代词时,定语从句只能用that引导。但something前有the时,定语从句可由which引出。
Here is something I will tell you.
I want everything I want.
⑥定语从句装点的词中同时含有人和物的名词时,定语从句只能用that引导:
I can remember well the persons and some picture I see in the room.
⑦定语从句装点的词为one, ones时,定语从句用that引导:
Is it the one you want?
⑧当主句的主语是疑问词 who或 which来提问时,为了防止重复,用that引导定语从句:]
Who is the girl that won the first place?
who指人,that除指人外也指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语可省略,作主语不能省略。
1) The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. (作主语,不可省略)
2) The teacher who spoke at the meeting just now is having a rest in his office. (作主语,不可省略)
3) The boy I like isn’t here now. (作宾语,可省略)
注 意:
who与that指人时可互相轮换,但下列状况只能用who不能用that引导的定语从句:
① 先行词是one,ones,anyone时,定语从句只能用who引导;
② 先行词为those时,定语从句只能用who引导;
③ There be句型开始。
另 注: whom指人,为who的宾格形式,在句中只作宾语,其前不曾介词时,也可用who轮换应用,也可省略,如:
Who is the teacher Yanzhen is talking to? (作宾语,可省略)
Who is the teacher to whom Yanzhen is talking? (作宾语,介词to提到whom前,whom再此不可省略)
whose 指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语,不可省略。如:
The building whose windows face to the south is our school. (作定语,不可省略)
(二)关系副词的用法:(略)
巩 固 练 习
一、用稳妥的关系代词填空:
1. The man ___________________ I saw in the street yesterday is Tom’s father.
2. The students ___________________ don’t work hard will not pass the exam.
3. Is there anything ___________________ you want to say now?
4. This is the only book ____________________ I want to read for my child.
5. The first present ____________________ my parents gave me was a model plane.
6. The bridge _____________________ is being built will be the most beautiful in the city.
7. I don’t want to work with a man ____________________ hair is so long.
8. These are the trees ____________________ were planted last year.
9. The car ____________________ he is using is made in China.
10. Is this the musician ____________________ you like best?
二、单项抉择:
1. The girl _________________ could sing well went to Europe.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. which
2. We prefer music which _________________ great lyrics.
A. have B. has C. had D. is
3. She lives in a house __________________ windows face south.
A. that B. who C. which D. whose
4. Who is the man _________________ talked with you just now?
A. who B. that C. whom D. whose
5. Look at the boy and his dog _________________ are coming this way.
A. who B. which C. that D. whom
6. This is the biggest ship __________________ I’ve ever seen.
A. who B. whom C. that D. whose
7. Look at the girl __________________ name is Susan.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. that
8. That was all the money __________________ I had.
A. which B. that C. whom D. whose
9. This is the man __________________ last night.
A. whom I saw him B. whom I saw C. which I saw D. who I saw him
10. They talked about things and persons ______________ they remembered in the school.
A. who B. which C. that D. what
三、以下列画线的句子为定语,构成一个定语从句:
1. The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling.
_________________________________________________________________
2. The girl is Kate. She has a round face.
_________________________________________________________________
3. He is the man. I told you about him.
_________________________________________________________________
4. The man is kind. Everyone likes him.
_________________________________________________________________
5. The woman got the job. We saw her on the street.
_________________________________________________________________
6. He likes the novels. The novels were written by Hemingway.
_________________________________________________________________
四、阅读明白:
popular music in America is what every student likes. Students carry small radios and listen to music before class,after class,and at lunch. Students with cars buy large speakers and play the music loudly as they drive on the street.
Adult(成年人)drivers listen to music on the car radio as they drive to work. They also listen to the news about sports,the weather,and the life of American people. Most of the radio programmers are music.
Pop or popular music singers make much money. They make a CD or a tape which radio stations use in many places. Once the popular singer is heard all over the country,young people buy his or her tapes. Some of the money from these tapes goes to the singer. Wherever the singer goes,all the young people want to meet him or her. Now the singer has become a famous star.
There are other kinds of music that are important to Americans. One is called folk music. It tells stories about the common(平凡的)life of Americans. Another is called western or country music. This was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows they were watching. Today,any music about country life and the love between a country boy and his girl is called western or country music.
36. _______kinds of music are mentioned in this passage?
A. Two B. Four C. Three D. Five
37. When pop singers _________,they will become famous stars.
A. make much money B. are loved by all over the young people
C. make a CD or a tape D. are wanted to sing on the radio
38. From the passage we know that country music is about the ______.
A. common life of Americans B. country life and love stories of cowboys
C. life of cowboys D. school life in America
39. Which of the following is true according to this passage?______.
A. All the students in America like popular music
B. Most of the radio programmers in America are popular music
C. Adult drivers in America listen to music all the time while driving
D. Everyone in America wants to meet pop singers wherever they go
40. What would be the best title(标题)for this passage?
A. Western Music B. Popular Music C. History of Music D. American Music

  

  

  

  初一学到初三的英语语法有哪些

  语法知识是在掌握一定量的单词和短语的基础上才能获得的。因此,单词的形态变化是语法学习的基础之基础。而九种基本时态和含有不复杂的状语从句及宾语从句的复合句是初中毕业班学生学习的重点也是语法学习的难点。总之,语法部分是英语学习的重点和难点。语法知识掌握得好,将大大加快英语学习的进程。本文归纳了词法、九种基本时态以及初中生需要掌握五种基本从句。希望对广大初三生们有所帮助。
一. 词法
1.名词
1.1 名词的可数与不可数
可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量,它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目,来统计,都成为不可数名词。
不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量,没有复数形式。要表示一个……这一概念,就须加a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词,在英语里却不可数。如:chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news等。
1.2 名词复数的规则变化
A.一般情况下加-s。
B.以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-es
C.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es
D.以f,fe结尾的,去掉f或fe,变成v再加-es
1.3 名词的所有格
A.单数名词词尾加’s,复数名词词尾若没有s,也要加’s。
如:the worker's bike,the Children’ s ball
B.表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后’ s。
如: This is Lucy and Licy’ s room.
These are Kate's and jack’ s rooms.
C. 如果是通过在词尾加—s构成的复数形式的名词,只加’。
如:the students’ books,the girls’ blouses

2.代词:
人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,不定代词
2.1 人称代词
第一人称单数
I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称
单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称
单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
2.2 物主代词
物主代词的用法:
形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟上一个名词。
名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语。
2.3 反身代词
反身代词的构成分两种:第一、二人称反身代词在形容词:性物主代词后加上self或selves,第三人称的反身代词在宾格代词后加上self或selves.
反身代词的用法:一种是作宾语,由主语发出的动作又回到动作者本身。
如:I enjoyed myself at the party.另一种是作名词或代词的同位语;用来加强语气。如:I
can do it myself.
2.4 指示代词
指示代词的特殊用法:
为了避免重复,可用that,those代替前面提到过的名词,但是this,these不可以。
this,that有时可代替句子或句子中的一部分。
2.5 不定代词
one,some,any,other,another,all,both,each,neither,many,much等
3.冠词
3.1不定冠词an用在元音读音开头的词前,其余用不定冠词a.
3.2 定冠词的基本用法
A.用在重新提到的人或事物前面。
B. 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物前面。
C用在单数可数名词前面,表示某一类人或事物。
3.3 定冠词的特殊用法
A.用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前。
B. 用在序数词、形容词的最高级及only所修饰的名词前。
C用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称前面。
D.用在由普通名词和另外一些词所构成的专有名词前面。
E.用在姓氏的复数形式前面,表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人。
F.用在乐器名称前。
G. 和某些形容词连用,表示某一类人或事物。
3.4 名词前不用冠词的情况
A. 在专有名词 、物质名词和抽象名词前—般不用冠词。但在以Festival组成的民间节日前要加the。
B. 表示一类人或事物的复数名词前。
C. 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时,不用冠词。
D. 三餐饭、球类、棋类、游戏名称前一般不用冠词。正在有些词组中,有无冠词含义不同。
at table就餐; sit at the table坐在桌边
go to school去上学;go to the school去那所学校;in hospital住院;in the hospital在那个医院里
4.数词
4.1 数字的表示
三位数数词要在百位和十位之间加and。
1,000以上的数字,从后向前第三位数加一个,,第一个,前为thousand,第二个,前为million,第三个,前为billion。
4.2 序数词除了first,second,初三英语语法:初一学到初三的英语语法有哪些third外,其余都在基数词尾加-th构成。
4.3分数分子在前,分母在后,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1小时,分母序数词要变成复数。
4.4 Hundredsof……
5.形容词、副词
5.1 形容词的位置
形容词作定语一般要放在名词前面,但当形容词修饰不定代词something,nothing,anything时要放在所修饰的不定代词之后。如:something important,nothing serious。
当形容词带有表示度量的词或词组作定语或表语时,定语或表语要后置。如:
We have dug a hole two meters deep.
The hole is about two metres deep.
5.2 形容词的比较等级
单音节词和少数双音节词,在词尾加—r,—st来构成比较级和最高级。其他双音节
词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级。如:
popular———more popular———most popular
important—more important—most important
5.3 副词比较级的构成
单音节副词和个别双音节副词通过加-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。
绝大多数副词借助more,most来构成比较级和最高级。
少数副词的不规则变化:
原级 比较级 最高级
well —— better —— best
badly —— worse —— worst
much —— more —— most
little —— less —— least
far —— farther —— farthest
farthest furthest
late —— later —— latest
副词的最高级前面可以不加定冠词the。
常用句型有like A better than B和like Abest of…
其余变化和形容词类似。
6.介词
6.1 表示时间的介词及介词短语?
in, at, on, before,after,till,since,for, fromto, until, by,in the middle of,at the beginning of, at the end of,at half past five,at night,in a week,in the morning,in class,at sunrise, in spring/summer/autumn/winter,on Sunday,on Saturday afternoon,on a winter evening,for a long time,for two months,after school,since liberation,before lunch,at the time of,at the age of。
6.2 表示地点的介词及介词短语?
in,at,into,to,on,beside,before,behind,above,under,outside,inside,up,from,far,from,near,across, off, down, among, past,between,out of,around,in the front of, in the middle of, at the back of,at the foot of,at home,at the gate,at the table,in the sky, on the ground,in a tree, in the south,in the sun,in the bed,on one’s way home,by the side of。
二.九种基本时态
1.一般现在时
概念: 表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态。
常和 always , often , usually , sometimes , every day 等表时间的状语连用。
如:1) I go to school every day . 我每天都去学校。
2) He is always like that . 他总是那样。
构成: 1) 主语 + be +……
2) 主语 + 实义动词 + …
2.一般过去时
概念: 1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.
常和表示过去的时间状语连用. 如: yesterday , last week , in 1998 , two days ago等.
如: I went to a movie yesterday. 我昨天去看了一场电影.
2) 也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作.
如: He always went to work by bike last week.
构成: 1) 主语 + be +……
2) 主语 + 实义动词过去式 +
3.现在进行时
概念: 表示现在正在进行或发生的动作.
如: He is singing.
They are watching TV now.
构成: 主语 + 助动词be + 动词-ing形式构成.
4.过去进行时
概念: 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作. 这一特定的过去时间除了有上下文暗示外,一般用时间状语来表示.
如: 1) ---What were you doing?
---I was jumping.
2) ---What was the boy doing when the UFO arrived?
---He was sleeping.
构成: 主语 + 助动词be + 动词-ing形式构成.
5.一般将来时
概念: 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如: tomorrow, next week, next year, in the future等.
如: He will go shopping tomorrow.
They are going to play basketball next week.
构成: 1) 主语 + 助动词will + 动原 +…
2) 主语 + be going to + 动原 + ….
6.过去将来时
概念: 表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态.
构成: 1) 主语 + 助动词should + 动原 +…
2) 主语 + would + 动原 + ….
3) 主语 + was/ were going to +动原…
用法: 过去将来时除了上下文暗示外,一般常用在间接引语中,主句谓语动词为过去时态.
如: 1) I should go.
2) You knew I would come.
3) They were going to Naning.
7.现在完成时
构成: 主语 + 助动词 + 动词过去分词 +…
用法 例句
表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果. ---Have you had your lunch yet?
---Yes, I have.
8.现在完成进行时
概念: 表示从过去某一时间开始持续到现在的动作.这一动作可能是刚刚开始,也可能仍在继续,并可能延续到将来.
构成: 主语 + 助动词 + been + 动词-ing +…
如: 1. I have been sitting here for an hour.
2. She has been collecting stamps for about 6 years.
9.过去完成时
构成: 主语 + 助动词 had + 动词过去分词 +…
用法 例句
表示过去在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作.它表示的动作发生的时间是过去的过去.表示过去某一时间可用by, before 等构成的短语,也可用when, before, 等引导的从句或者通过上下文表示.
I had finished my homework when my mom came back home.
三.基本从句
从句的共同特点
从句是指在一个句子中充当一个成分的句子,充当什么成分就叫什么从句,如:充当宾语就叫宾语从句,充当定语成分就叫定语从句。
从以上定义中我们可以得出关于从句的一个最大特点:从句是句子。
从句的共同特点:1.从句都有自己的连接词 2.从句都是陈述语序
1.宾语从句
宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子,如:He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.
宾语从句的特点:
①宾语从句有自己的连接词
②宾语从句用陈述语序
③宾语从句的时态
①宾语从句的连接词:宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether、特殊疑问词。
②宾语从句的语序;
A.宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序,如:I want to know if he can come tomorrow
B.当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时,后面直接加谓语动词,如:She asked me who had helped him.
③宾语从句的时态,只要记住以下口诀就可以了主现则从任,主过则从过,客观真理一般现
A.主现则从任:主句如果是一般现在时,则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种,如:1.He tells me he likes English very much
B.主过则从过:主句如果是一般过去时,则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带过字的时态中任选一种,带过字的时态分别是如:一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时。
如:He told me that he liked playing football
C.客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时。
如:1.He says the moon goes around the earth.
2.状语从句
2.1 时间状语从句:在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。
时间状语的连接词:when while as after before as soon as since till /until by the time依旧是连接词后加陈述语序。
举例:when当…的时候
Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.
2.2 原因状语从句:在一个句子中作原因语的句子。
连接词:由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now that 等词引导。
举例:I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.
2.3 条件状语从句
连接词:if如果, unless 除非。
举例:If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
2.4 目的、结果状语从句
目的状语从句是指在一个句子中充当目的状语的句子。
结果状语从句是指在一个句子中充当结果状语的句子
目的状语从句连接词so that, so…that , in order that 引导。
结果状语从句连接词 so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引导。
举例:so…that 如此…以至于
The scientist’s report was so instructive that we were all very excited.
2.5 让步状语从句
让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步的状语的句子
连接词: though, although.,whether…or not
举例:Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.
3.no matter从句
结构:"no matter +特殊疑问词疑问词+陈述语序" 或"特殊疑问词+后缀ever+陈述语序"
如:No matter what happened, he would not mind.
注意:no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
4.定语从句
定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分
如:I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flower.
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后
如:I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.
定语从句的连接词:
连接代词:who、which、whom、whose、that
连接副词:when、where、why
5.名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词: that, whether ,if
连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which
连接副词:when, where, how, why
如:That she was chosen made us very happy.

  

  

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