初中英语知识点归纳：初中英语知识点总结

 

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初中英语知识点综合

　　

 

　　平凡当前时的用法

1) 常常性或习性性的动作，常与表示频腮度的日期状语连用。
日期状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

2) 客观真理，客观存在，在理原形。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示警句或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

留神:此用法假使出当前宾语从句中，即使主句是先前时，从句谓语也要用平凡当前时。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..

4) 当前时刻的态势、实力、性情、个性。
I don’t want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比拟:Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
第一句用平凡当前时，用于把持演示或指点说明的示范性动作，表示言行的刹那动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标记，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用平凡当前时。
2.平凡先前时的用法

1)在评判的先前日期里所缔造的动作或存在的态势。
日期状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
Where did you go just now?

2)表示在先前一段日期内，常常性或习性性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.

3)句型:
It is time for sb. to do sth "到……日期了" "该……了"
It is time sb. did sth. "日期已迟了" "早该……了"
It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would rather sb. did sth. 表示’宁肯某人做某事’
I’d rather you came tomorrow.

4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用先前时，作试探性的询问、哀求、创议等。
I thought you might have some. 我觉得你想要一些。

比拟:
平凡先前时表示的动作或态势都已成为先前，现已不复存在。
Christine was an invalid all her life.

Christine has been an invalid all her life.

Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.

Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.


留神: 用先前时表示当前，表示委婉语气。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
Did you want anything else?
I wondered if you could help me.
2)情态动词 could, would.
Could you lend me your bike?
3. used to / be used to

used to + do:"先前常常"表示先前习性性的动作或态势，但如今已不存在。
Mother used not to be so forgetful.
Scarf used to take a walk.

be used to + doing: 对……已感到习性，或"习性于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk.

典典范题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It’s 69568442.
A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t
答案A. 本句虽不曾评判的日期状语，但从语意上看 出，在听的时候不曾听懂这个动作缔造在先前，所以使用先前时。
4. 平凡未来时

1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所轮换。
will 在陈述句管用于各人称，在争求意见常常用于第二人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first.
Will you be at home at seven this evening?

2) be going to +不定式，表示未来。
a. 主语的志愿，即刻做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow?
b. 计划，料理要缔造的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。
c. 有形迹要缔造的事
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.

3) be +不定式表未来，按计划或正式料理将缔造的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

4) be about to +不定式，意为即刻做某事。
He is about to leave for Beijing.
留神:be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示评判未来时的日期状语连用。
5. be going to / will

用于条件句时， be going to 表未来
will 表意愿
If you are going to make a journey, you’d better get ready for it a s soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
6. be to和be going to

be to 表示客观料理或受人指示而做某事。
be going to 表示主观的计划或计划。
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.
I’m going to play football tomorrow afternoon.
7. 平凡当前时表未来

1)下列动词:come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的平凡当前时表未来。这主要用来表示在日期上已评判或料理好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.

2)倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.

3)在日期或条件句中。
When Bill comes , ask him to wait for me.
I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.

4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。
I hope they have a nice time next week.
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.
11. 用于当前完结时的句型

1)It is the first / second time…. that…构造中的从句部分，用当前完结时。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
It was the third time that the boy had been late.

2)This is the… that…构造，that 从句要用当前完结时.
This is the best film that I’ve seen.
这是我看过的优良的电影。
This is the first time I’ve heard him sing. 这是我第顺次听他唱歌。

典典范题
---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为当前完结时，故选B。

---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it’s the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意为已经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完结时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完结时。
留神:非继续性动词的抵赖形式能够与表示继续日期的状语连用。即动作不缔造的态势是能够继续的。
I have received his letter for a month.
I haven’t received his letter for almost a month.
12. 比拟since和for

Since 用来说明动作起始日期，for用来说明动作继续日期长度。
I have lived here for more than twenty years.
I have lived here since I was born..
My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.
Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.
I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.
I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.

留神:并非有for 作为日期状语的句子都用当前完结时。
I worked here for more than twenty years.

I have worked here for many years.


小门道: 当当前完结时+一段日期，这一构造中，我们用下面的公式转变，很简捷就能取消非继续动词在完结时中的误使。
1) Tom has studied Russian for three years.
= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2) Harry has got married for six years.
= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
13. since的四种用法

1) since +先前一个日期点 。
I have been here since 1989.

2) since +一段日期+ ago
I have been here since five months ago.

3) since +从句
Great changes have taken place since you left.
Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.

4) It is +一段日期+ since从句
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.
被动语态的几门类型
1)主语句中有一个宾语的被动语态，如:
He saw her in the shop yesterday.
She was seen in the shop yesterday.
2) 主语有两个宾语的被动语态
Li Lei gave me a chemistry book.
I was given a chemistry book by Li Lei.
A chemistry book was given to me by Li Lei.
3)主动句中含宾语补足语的句子的被动语态
若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为
感官动词:feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch
The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
--> I was made to go out of the classroom .
We saw him play football on the playground.
--> He was seen to play football on the playground.
若宾语补足语是带to的不定式，那么被动语态仍保存to:
Mother told me not to be late
I was told not to be late by mother.
5)情态动词+ be +先前分词，构成被动语态。
Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.
6)表示"据说"或"信任" 的词组
 believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand
It is said that… 据说
It is reported that… 据报道
It is believed that… 大家信任
It is hoped that… 大家巴望
It is well known that… 家喻户晓
It is thought that… 大家觉得
It is suggested that… 据创议
It is taken granted that… 被视为当然
It has been decided that… 大家定夺
It must be remember that…必须记住的是
It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.
14. 继续动词与刹那动词

1) 用于完结时的差别
继续动词表示经验、经验; 刹那动词表示行动的结 果，不能与表示段的日期状语连用。
He has completed the work. 他已完结了那项工作。
I’ve known him since then. 我从当初起就认识他了。

2) 用于till / until从句的差别
继续动词用于评判句，表示"做……直到……" 刹那动词用于抵赖句，表示"到……，才……"
He didn’t come back until ten o’clock.
他到10 点才归来。
He slept until ten o’clock.
他一直睡到10点。

典典范题
1. You don’t need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句着重对当前的波及，我获悉她的相貌，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为重复缔造的动作，所以用当前完结时。

2.---I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 期待的动作由先前初步，继续到当前，使用现
. 不定式作宾语

1) 动词+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
示例:
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司机没能即时目睹另一辆车。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我巧合获悉你那道问题的答案。

2)动词+不定式 ; 动词+宾语+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我酷爱每件东西都保持干净。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我酷爱你年使每件东西都保持干净。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。

3) 动词+疑问词+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind which to buy.有这样多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。

留神:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。
The question is how to put it into practice.
问题是怎样把它付诸施行。
2. 不定式作补语

1) 动词+宾语+不定式
advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn

例句:
a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
b. We believe him to be guilty.
我们信任他是有罪的。

Find 的特殊用法:
Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。
I found him lying on the ground.
I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.

　　

 

　　

初中英语重点笔记（知识点）

　　

 

　　

 

　　

初中英语知识点，重点语法综合

　　

 

　　平凡当前时 do
平凡先前时 did
平凡未来时 will do
目向前行时 is（am are）doing
先前进行时 was（were）doing
平凡先前未来时 would do
先前完结时态 had done
当前完结时 have（has）done
一、 平凡当前时
1、定义 表示常常缔造的动作或存在的态势，如实力、个性、性质、身份等。
2、构成 1) be --- is, am, are 2) 实意动词用原形表示
句型转换 1)情态动词，关系动词提前或直接在其后加 not 2) 实意动词加do/ does或don't/ doesn't
3、用法 1) 表示常常性的、习性性的或永远性的动作，常与 always, usually, often, sometimes, every day,
twice a month等连用. e.g. Does he usually go to school on foot?
2) 表示存在的态势，常用动词 be, have, love, like, know, see, hear, think, have, belong to 等。留神这些
动词平凡不用被动语态. e.g. He doesn't like music.
3) 表示不受日期局限的客观原形或普遍真理. e.g. The earth goes round the sun.
二、平凡先前时
1、定义 表示先前某一日期内缔造的动作或存在的态势，或许是顺次的，也或许是常常的，动作已完结。
2、构成 1) be – was，were 2) 实意动词用先前式来表示，不曾人称和数的变换。
句型转换 1) was, were 提前或直接加 not 2) 实意动词加did或didn't
3、用法 1) 表示先前某一日期内缔造的动作或存在的态势，常与表示先前的日期状语连用 yesterday , last Friday, in 1994, an hour ago, a moment ago, last November, before 1997, on December 26, 1976. yesterday morning.
2) 表示先前常常或重复缔造的动作。 When I was in the university, I did morning exercises every day.
3) had当有讲时，构成疑问和抵赖有两种形式，其他词义同实意动词。
Did you have no friends? He hasn't enough time.
My father doesn't have lunch at factory. Did you have a good time?
三、平凡未来时
1、定义 表示未来某一日期内要缔造的动作或存在的态势，常与表示未来的日期状语连用。如tomorrow, today, this week, next week, next month, next year, next Wednesday, from now on, in a year, in the future
2、构成和用法1)shall 和will +动词原形, 缩写为 'll，抵赖缩写为shan't, won't。
2) be going to do，常用于口语，表示计划去做的事和或许要缔造的事。 It's going to rain.
3) is/ am/ are about to dowhen表即即刻缔造的事,不与日期连用。I was about to leave when it rained.
4) be to do sth. 按计划或职责、责任要求必须做的事或即刻缔造的动作。
5) 终止性动词come, go, leave, arrive等的目向前行时刻表示按计划，料理或即刻进行的动作。
6) 以if, as soon as, when, once, unless等引导的从句的平凡当前时表示平凡未来时。
四、先前未来时
1、定义 表示从先前某一日期来看即刻缔造的动作或存在的态势。
2、构成及用法 should 或would +动词原形，常用于宾语从句中。
We asked him where we should have a meeting. 其他用法见平凡未来时。
五、目向前行时和先前进行时
定义：目向前行时表示1）当前正在进行的动作 2）现阶段一直在进行，继续性 3）当前阶段暂时缔造的动作，暂时性。 is/ am/ are + doing
先前进行时表示1）先前某时正在进行的动作 2）先前某段日期正在进行的动作 3）先前刹那缔造的动作。was/ were + doing
Notes：1. 表料理、计划要缔造的动作可用进行时表示未来时。这些终止性动词有arrive, begin, come, go, leave, start
2. 目向前行时与always, often等频率副词连用，表示厌烦、赞叹等感情。
3. 在条件从句中，日期状语从句管用目向前行时表示未来进行时。
4. 同理，在表条件、日期状语从句中，用先前进行时表示先前未来进行时，在一些表初步，解脱的动词用先前进行时表先前未来时。
用法： 1. 当前完结时表示现阶段完结的动作或存在的态势，动作或态势从先前初步继续到当前，或许终止，
即动作缔造在先前着重对当前的波及，与当前有关，常与 already, ever, lately, just, now, recently, yet,
for + 段日期, since + 点日期；in the last/ past three years, so far, by now, up to now/ present等连用
2. 先前时指先前某时或某一段日期缔造的动作或存在的态势。指的当前之前的状况，与当前无关
3. 先前完结时指的先前某一日期动作之前缔造的动作或存在的态势，先前的先前。常用句型：
1) had done + before/ when/ by the time + did 2) did + after/ until + had done
3) had done + by/ up/ since/ till + 先前日期 4) No sooner had + S. + done than did
5) Hardly/ Scarcely had + S. + done when did 6) had meant to do …
Notes: 1. just刚才表示刚才先前，能够当做与言语日期亲密相连，可与当前完结时连用，也能够与先前时连用。但just now刚才=a moment ago, 只表示先前日期，只与先前时连用。
2. 一些终止性动词不能用完结时态的评判句与继续多久的日期状语连用，要用表态势的动词或用动词+介词短语或+形容词的完结式，还能够用it is+多少日期+since的句型。
3. since自从……以来 conj + 从句 prep + 表示日期点的名词。for prep.+ 多少日期，表示一段日期。
He has been studying since 3 o'clock/ since 3 hours ago/ since he came. He's been here for five hours.
4. in the past/last+多少日期，表示近日一段日期，用完结时，不用先前时。
5. have been去过某地（不在去过地）have gone到某地去了（不在言语地方）。一，二人称不能用have gone。 6. 在美语中have/ has got = have/ has。
7. hardlywhen, no soonerthan 引导倒装句，常与先前完结时连用。
8. hope, intend, mean, plan, think, want常用先前完结时表示先前的志愿而的确不曾达到的状况

　　

 

　　

　　

 

　　

初中英语知识点归纳：初中英语知识点总结