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英语知识点初中:初中英语知识点,重点语法总结

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小编:初中英语必须掌握的知识点 短语、词组综合] 由动词开始构成的短语、词组许多。温习时应分类料理: 一、动词+介词 1.look at看, look like 看上去像, look after 照看 2.listen to听 3.w

  初中英语必须掌握的知识点

  短语、词组综合]
由动词开始构成的短语、词组许多。温习时应分类料理:
一、动词+介词
1.look at…看…, look like … 看上去像……, look after …照看…
2.listen to…听……
3.welcome to…迎候到……
4.say hello to …向……问好
5.speak to…对……言语
此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须带宾语,但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。
二、动词+副词
动词+副词所构成的短语义分为两类:
A.动词(vt.)+副词
1.put on 穿上 2.take off脱下 3.write down记下
此类短语能够带宾语,宾语若是名词,放在副词先后皆可;宾语若是人称代词,只能放在副词的前面。
B.动词(vi)+副词。
1.come on连忙 2.get up起床 3.go home回家
4.come in进来 5.sit down坐下 6.stand up起立
此类短语属于不如物动词,不能够带宾语。
三、其它类动词词组
1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class
4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper
7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games
10. play games
[介词短语聚焦]
介词+名词/代词所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。
1.in+语言/颜色/衣帽等,表示应用某种语言或穿着……。
2.in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表示在……排/队/班级/年级等。
3.in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示在上午/下午/傍晚等一段日期。
4.in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里。
5.in the tree表示在树上 ;on the tree表示在树上。
6.in the wall表示在墙上(低陷进去);on the wall表示在墙上(指墙的外表)。
7.at work(在工作)/at school(上学)/at home(在家)应留神此类短语中无the。
8.at + 时刻表示钟点。
9.like this/that表示形式,意为像……这/那样。
10.of短语表示所属关系。
11.behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等,表示方位、处所。
12.from与to多表示方向,前者意为从……,后者意为到……。英语知识点初中:初中英语知识点,重点语法总结
此外,以下这些短语也必须把握。如:on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one’s bike等。
[重点句型大回放]
1.I think…意为我觉得……,是对某人或某事的见解或态度的一种句型。其抵赖式常用I don’t think…,
2.give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意为把……给……,动词give之后可接双宾语,可用这两种句型;若指物的宾语是人称代词时,则只能用give it/ them to sb.
3.take sb./ sth. to…意为把……带到……,后常接地点,也可接人。
4.One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意为一个是……;另一个是……,必须是两者中。
5.Let sb. do sth. 意为让某人做某事,人后使用不带to的动词不定式,其抵赖式为Don’t let sb,do sth.,或Let sb. not do sth. 此外,Let’s 与Let us的含意不彻底相同,前者包罗听者在内,后者不包罗听者在内,
6.help sb. do sth./help sb. with sth.意为救助某人做某事,前者用不定式作宾补,后者用介词短语作宾补,二者能够互换.
7.What about…?/How about…?意为……怎么样?是用来询问或征求对方的见解、意见、见解等。about为介词,其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。
8.It’s time to do…/ It’s time for sth. 意为该做……的日期了,当中to后须接原形动词,for后可接名词或V-ing形式。
9.like to do sth./like doing sth.意为酷爱做某事, 前一种句型着重透彻的顺次性的动作;后一种句型着重习性性的动作,
10.ask sb. to do sth. 意为让某人做某事,当中ask sb.后应接动词不定式,
11.show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意为把某物给某人看,该句型的用法同前面第2点。
12.introduce sb. to sb. 意为把某人举荐给另一人;introduce to sb.则是向某人作举荐。
[重点短语飞速温习]
1.kinds of 形形色色的
2. either…or…或许……或许……,不是……即使……
3. neither…nor…既不……也不……
4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶
5. take a seat 就坐
6. home cooking 家常做法
7. be famous for 因……而知名
8. on ones way to在……途中
9. be sick/ill in hospital得病住院
10. at the end of在……的终点,在……的末尾
11. wait for 期待
12. in time 即时
13. make one’s way to…往……(困难地)走去
14. just then 正在当初
15. first of all 首先,第一
16. go wrong 走错路
17. be/get lost 迷路
18. make a noise 闹腾,喧哗
19. get on 上车
20. get off 下车
21. stand in line 站队
22. waiting room 候诊室,候车室
23. at the head of……在……的前头
24. laugh at 耻笑
25. throw about 乱丢,抛散
26. in fact 的确上
27. at midnight 在半夜
28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快
29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架
30. take one’s temperature 给某人体温
31. have/get a pain in…某处疼痛
32. have a headache 头痛
33. as soon as… 一……就……
34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事
35. stop…from doing sth. 禁止……干某事
36. fall asleep 入梦
37. again and again再三地,重复地
38. wake up 醒来,叫醒
39. instead of 轮换
40. look over 考验
41. take exercise活动
42. had better do sth. 优良(不要)干某事
43. at the weekend 在周末
44. on time 准时
45. out of从……向外
46. all by oneself 独立,单独
47. lots of=a lot of 好多
48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再
49. get back 归来,取回
50. sooner or later迟早
51. run away 窜逃
52. eat up 吃光,吃完
53. run after 追赶
54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带着某物
55. take care of…=look after… (好好)照看,照看
56. think of 斟酌到,想起
57. keep a diary 保持写日记
58. leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下
59. harder and harder 越来越厉害
60. turn on敞开(电灯、收音机、煤气等)
61. turn off 关
[重温重点句型]
1.So + be/助动词/情牵动词/主语.
前面陈述的评判状况也适于另一人(物)时,常用到这种倒装构造,表示另一人(物)也如此。前面陈述的抵赖状况也适于另一人(物)时,常用Neither/ Nor + be/助动词/情态动词+主语.这种倒装构造。
留神:So+主语+be/助动词/情态动词.这一句型常用于表示赞同,进一步评判对方的见解,表示的确如此。是呀。
2.Turn right/left at the first/second/…crossing.
这一指路的句型意为在第一/二/……个十字路口向右/左拐。相当于Take the first /second/…turning on theright/left.
3.It takes sb.some time to do sth.
此句型表示干某事花了某人一段日期。当中的it是形式主语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真实的主语.
4.…think/find + it +adj. + to do sth.
此句型中的it是形式宾语,不可用其它代词轮换,形容词作宾语的补足语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真实的宾语。
5.What’s wrong with…?
此句型相当于What’s the matter/ trouble with…?后跟某物作宾语时,意为某物出什么缺陷了?后跟某人作宾语时,意为某人怎么了?
6.too…to…
在so…that…复合句中,that后的句子是抵赖句时,常与简单句too…to…(太……而不能……)进行句型转换。
在so…that…复合句中,that后的句子是评判句时,常与简单句…enough to…进行句型转换.
7.Sorry to hear that.
全句应为I’m sorry to hear that. 意为听到此事我很不适(遗憾)。常用于对旁人的不幸表示怜爱、遗憾之意。
[重点句型、词组大盘存]
1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她先前是一位汉语老师。
[用法] used to +动词原形,表示先前常常性的动作或存在的态势,含有当前不再如此之意。
[调配] used to do的抵赖式能够是usedn’t to do或didn’t use to do.
[比拟] used to do sth. 先前常做某事;be/ get used to doing sth. 习性于做某事;be used to do sth. 被用来做某事。
2.…return it sooner or later.
……迟早要将它退还。
[用法] l)sooner or later意为迟早、早晚。
2)return此处用作及物动词,意为退还,相当于give back.
[拓展]return还可用作不如物动词,意为归来,相当于go back或come back。
3.No matter what the weather is like…无论气象……
[用法]no matter what 相当于whatever,其意为无论什么,引导状语从句。
[拓展]类似no matter what的表白形式还有:
no matter when无论什么时候
nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;no matter where无论什么地方
no matter who无论谁
no matter how 无论怎么样
4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green.
一位年经人与格林先生练习讲英语。
[用法]practise doing sth. 表示实践、练习(做)某事。
[拓展]practice名词,实践、施行、练习;put a plan into practice厉行某计划。
5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans.
他激发大家插手防守我们的湖泊、河流和海洋的活动。
[用法]1)encourage用作动词,意思是激发、声援。
2)take part in插手,常表示插手活动。
3)protect 是动词,表示抵挡、防守。
[调配]1)encourage sb. in sth.在某事上激发或声援某人
nbsp;encourage sb. to do sth.激发某人干某事
2)protect sh. from sth.使某人不受某事侵袭或措伤
6. …to warn people about sharks in the water. ……警戒人们端庄水里的鲨鱼。
[用法] warn用作动词,意思是警戒、警戒。
[调配]1)warn sb.+ that从句
2)warn sb. of sth. 警戒某人某事
3)warn sb. to do sth.警戒某人做某事
4)warn sb. against sth.警戒某人端庄某事/不要做某事
重点句型、词组大盘存 1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她先前是一位汉语老师。 [ 用法 ] used to +动词原形,表示先前常常性的动作或存在的态势,含有当前不再如此之意。 [ 调配 ] used to do的抵赖式能够是usedn’t to do或didn’t use to do. [ 比拟 ] used to do sth. 先前常做某事;be/ get used to doing sth. 习性于做某事;be used to do sth. 被用来做某事。 ……
参考资料:

  

 

  

  
 

  初中英语知识点

  [短语、词组综合]
由动词开始构成的短语、词组许多。温习时应分类料理:
一、动词+介词
1.look at…看…, look like … 看上去像……, look after …照看…
2.listen to…听……
3.welcome to…迎候到……
4.say hello to …向……问好
5.speak to…对……言语
此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须带宾语,但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。
二、动词+副词
动词+副词所构成的短语义分为两类:
A.动词(vt.)+副词
1.put on 穿上 2.take off脱下 3.write down记下
此类短语能够带宾语,宾语若是名词,放在副词先后皆可;宾语若是人称代词,只能放在副词的前面。
B.动词(vi)+副词。
1.come on连忙 2.get up起床 3.go home回家
4.come in进来 5.sit down坐下 6.stand up起立
此类短语属于不如物动词,不能够带宾语。
三、其它类动词词组
1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class
4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper
7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games
10. play games
[介词短语聚焦]
介词+名词/代词所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。
1.in+语言/颜色/衣帽等,表示应用某种语言或穿着……。
2.in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表示在……排/队/班级/年级等。
3.in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示在上午/下午/傍晚等一段日期。
4.in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里。
5.in the tree表示在树上 ;on the tree表示在树上。
6.in the wall表示在墙上(低陷进去);on the wall表示在墙上(指墙的外表)。
7.at work(在工作)/at school(上学)/at home(在家)应留神此类短语中无the。
8.at + 时刻表示钟点。
9.like this/that表示形式,意为像……这/那样。
10.of短语表示所属关系。
11.behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等,表示方位、处所。
12.from与to多表示方向,前者意为从……,后者意为到……。
此外,以下这些短语也必须把握。如:on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one’s bike等。
[重点句型大回放]
1.I think…意为我觉得……,是对某人或某事的见解或态度的一种句型。其抵赖式常用I don’t think…,
2.give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意为把……给……,动词give之后可接双宾语,可用这两种句型;若指物的宾语是人称代词时,则只能用give it/ them to sb.
3.take sb./ sth. to…意为把……带到……,后常接地点,也可接人。
4.One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意为一个是……;另一个是……,必须是两者中。
5.Let sb. do sth. 意为让某人做某事,人后使用不带to的动词不定式,其抵赖式为Don’t let sb,do sth.,或Let sb. not do sth. 此外,Let’s 与Let us的含意不彻底相同,前者包罗听者在内,后者不包罗听者在内,
6.help sb. do sth./help sb. with sth.意为救助某人做某事,前者用不定式作宾补,后者用介词短语作宾补,二者能够互换.
7.What about…?/How about…?意为……怎么样?是用来询问或征求对方的见解、意见、见解等。about为介词,其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。
8.It’s time to do…/ It’s timefor sth. 意为该做……的日期了,当中to后须接原形动词,for后可接名词或V-ing形式。
9.like to do sth./like doing sth.意为酷爱做某事, 前一种句型着重透彻的顺次性的动作;后一种句型着重习性性的动作,
10.ask sb. to do sth. 意为让某人做某事,当中ask sb.后应接动词不定式,
11.show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意为把某物给某人看,该句型的用法同前面第2点。
12.introduce sb. to sb. 意为把某人举荐给另一人;introduce to sb.则是向某人作举荐。
[重点短语飞速温习]
1.kinds of 形形色色的
2. either…or…或许……或许……,不是……即使……
3. neither…nor…既不……也不……
4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶
5. take a seat 就坐
6. home cooking 家常做法
7. be famousfor 因……而知名
8. on ones way to在……途中
9. be sick/ill in hospital得病住院
10. at the end of在……的终点,在……的末尾
11. wait for 期待
12. in time 即时
13. make one’s way to…往……(困难地)走去
14. just then 正在当初
15. first of all 首先,第一
16. go wrong 走错路
17. be/get lost 迷路
18. make a noise 闹腾,喧哗
19. get on 上车
20. get off 下车
21. stand in line 站队
22. waiting room 候诊室,候车室
23. at the head of……在……的前头
24. laugh at 耻笑
25. throw about 乱丢,抛散
26. in fact 的确上
27. at midnight 在半夜
28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快
29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架
30. take one’s temperature 给某人体温
31. have/get a pain in…某处疼痛
32. have a headache 头痛
33. as soon as… 一……就……
34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事
35. stop…from doing sth. 禁止……干某事
36. fall asleep 入梦
37. again and again再三地,重复地
38. wake up 醒来,叫醒
39. instead of 轮换
40. look over 考验
41. take exercise活动
42. had better do sth. 优良(不要)干某事
43. at the weekend 在周末
44. on time 准时
45. out of从……向外
46. all by oneself 独立,单独
47. lots of=a lot of 好多
48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再
49. get back 归来,取回
50. sooner or later迟早
51. run away 窜逃
52. eat up 吃光,吃完
53. run after 追赶
54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带着某物
55. take care of…=look after… (好好)照看,照看
56. think of 斟酌到,想起
57. keep a diary 保持写日记
58. leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下
59. harder and harder 越来越厉害
60. turn on敞开(电灯、收音机、煤气等)
61. turn off 关
[重温重点句型]
1.So + be/助动词/情牵动词/主语.
前面陈述的评判状况也适于另一人(物)时,常用到这种倒装构造,表示另一人(物)也如此。前面陈述的抵赖状况也适于另一人(物)时,常用Neither/ Nor + be/助动词/情态动词+主语.这种倒装构造。
留神:So+主语+be/助动词/情态动词.这一句型常用于表示赞同,进一步评判对方的见解,表示的确如此。是呀。
2.Turn right/left at the first/second/…crossing.
这一指路的句型意为在第一/二/……个十字路口向右/左拐。相当于Take the first /second/…turning on theright/left.
3.It takes sb.some time to do sth.
此句型表示干某事花了某人一段日期。当中的it是形式主语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真实的主语.
4.…think/find + it +adj. + to do sth.
此句型中的it是形式宾语,不可用其它代词轮换,形容词作宾语的补足语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真实的宾语。
5.What’s wrong with…?
此句型相当于What’s the matter/ trouble with…?后跟某物作宾语时,意为某物出什么缺陷了?后跟某人作宾语时,意为某人怎么了?
6.too…to…
在so…that…复合句中,that后的句子是抵赖句时,常与简单句too…to…(太……而不能……)进行句型转换。
在so…that…复合句中,that后的句子是评判句时,常与简单句…enough to…进行句型转换.
7.Sorry to hear that.
全句应为I’m sorry to hear that. 意为听到此事我很不适(遗憾)。常用于对旁人的不幸表示怜爱、遗憾之意。
[重点句型、词组大盘存]
1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她先前是一位汉语老师。
[用法] used to +动词原形,表示先前常常性的动作或存在的态势,含有当前不再如此之意。
[调配] used to do的抵赖式能够是usedn’t to do或didn’t use to do.
[比拟] used to do sth. 先前常做某事;be/ get used to doing sth. 习性于做某事;be used to do sth. 被用来做某事。
2.…return it sooner or later.
……迟早要将它退还。
[用法] l)sooner or later意为迟早、早晚。
2)return此处用作及物动词,意为退还,相当于give back.
[拓展]return还可用作不如物动词,意为归来,相当于go back或come back。
3.No matter what the weather is like…无论气象……
[用法]no matter what 相当于whatever,其意为无论什么,引导状语从句。
[拓展]类似no matter what的表白形式还有:
no matter when无论什么时候
nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;no matter where无论什么地方
no matter who无论谁
no matter how 无论怎么样
4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green.
一位年经人与格林先生练习讲英语。
[用法]practise doing sth. 表示实践、练习(做)某事。
[拓展]practice名词,实践、施行、练习;put a plan into practice厉行某计划。
5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans.
他激发大家插手防守我们的湖泊、河流和海洋的活动。
[用法]1)encourage用作动词,意思是激发、声援。
2)take part in插手,常表示插手活动。
3)protect 是动词,表示抵挡、防守。
[调配]1)encourage sb. in sth.在某事上激发或声援某人
nbsp;encourage sb. to do sth.激发某人干某事
2)protect sh. from sth.使某人不受某事侵袭或措伤
6. …to warn people about sharks in the water. ……警戒人们端庄水里的鲨鱼。
[用法] warn用作动词,意思是警戒、警戒。
[调配]1)warn sb.+ that从句
2)warn sb. of sth. 警戒某人某事
3)warn sb. to do sth.警戒某人做某事
4)warn sb. against sth.警戒某人端庄某事/不要做某事
重点句型、词组大盘存 1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她先前是一位汉语老师。 [ 用法 ] used to +动词原形,表示先前常常性的动作或存在的态势,含有当前不再如此之意。 [ 调配 ] used to do的抵赖式能够是usedn’t to do或didn’t use to do. [ 比拟 ] used to do sth. 先前常做某事;be/ get used to doing sth. 习性于做某事;be used to do sth. 被用来做某事。 ……
参考资料:

  

  初中英语主要知识点

  平凡当前时的用法

1) 常常性或习性性的动作,常与表示频腮度的日期状语连用。
日期状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

2) 客观真理,客观存在,在理原形。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示警句或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

留神:此用法假使出当前宾语从句中,即使主句是先前时,从句谓语也要用平凡当前时。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..

4) 当前时刻的态势、实力、性情、个性。
I don’t want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比拟:Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
第一句用平凡当前时,用于把持演示或指点说明的示范性动作,表示言行的刹那动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标记,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用平凡当前时。
2. 平凡先前时的用法

1)在评判的先前日期里所缔造的动作或存在的态势。
日期状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
Where did you go just now?

2)表示在先前一段日期内,常常性或习性性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.

3)句型:
It is time for sb. to do sth "到……日期了" "该……了"
It is time sb. did sth. "日期已迟了" "早该……了"
It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would rather sb. did sth. 表示’宁肯某人做某事’
I’d rather you came tomorrow.

4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用先前时,作试探性的询问、哀求、创议等。
I thought you might have some. 我觉得你想要一些。

比拟:
平凡先前时表示的动作或态势都已成为先前,现已不复存在。
Christine was an invalid all her life.

Christine has been an invalid all her life.

Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.

Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.


留神: 用先前时表示当前,表示委婉语气。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
Did you want anything else?
I wondered if you could help me.
2)情态动词 could, would.
Could you lend me your bike?
3. used to / be used to

used to + do:"先前常常"表示先前习性性的动作或态势,但如今已不存在。
Mother used not to be so forgetful.
Scarf used to take a walk.

be used to + doing: 对……已感到习性,或"习性于",to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk.

典典范题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It’s 69568442.
A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t
答案A. 本句虽不曾评判的日期状语,但从语意上看 出,在听的时候不曾听懂这个动作缔造在先前,所以使用先前时。
4. 平凡未来时

1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所轮换。
will 在陈述句管用于各人称,在争求意见常常用于第二人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first.
Will you be at home at seven this evening?

2) be going to +不定式,表示未来。
a. 主语的志愿,即刻做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow?
b. 计划,料理要缔造的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。
c. 有形迹要缔造的事
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.

3) be +不定式表未来,按计划或正式料理将缔造的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

4) be about to +不定式,意为即刻做某事。
He is about to leave for Beijing.
留神:be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示评判未来时的日期状语连用。
5. be going to / will

用于条件句时, be going to 表未来
will 表意愿
If you are going to make a journey, you’d better get ready for it a s soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
6. be to和be going to

be to 表示客观料理或受人指示而做某事。
be going to 表示主观的计划或计划。
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.
I’m going to play football tomorrow afternoon.
7. 平凡当前时表未来

1)下列动词:come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的平凡当前时表未来。这主要用来表示在日期上已评判或料理好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.

2)倒装句,表示动作正在进行,如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.

3)在日期或条件句中。
When Bill comes , ask him to wait for me.
I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.

4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。
I hope they have a nice time next week.
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.
11. 用于当前完结时的句型

1)It is the first / second time…. that…构造中的从句部分,用当前完结时。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
It was the third time that the boy had been late.

2)This is the… that…构造,that 从句要用当前完结时.
This is the best film that I’ve seen.
这是我看过的优良的电影。
This is the first time I’ve heard him sing. 这是我第顺次听他唱歌。

典典范题
---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为当前完结时,故选B。

---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it’s the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意为已经或无论何时,反意词为never,此两词常用于完结时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中,从句要用完结时。
留神:非继续性动词的抵赖形式能够与表示继续日期的状语连用。即动作不缔造的态势是能够继续的。
I have received his letter for a month.
I haven’t received his letter for almost a month.
12. 比拟since和for

Since 用来说明动作起始日期,for用来说明动作继续日期长度。
I have lived here for more than twenty years.
I have lived here since I was born..
My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.
Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.
I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.
I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.

留神:并非有for 作为日期状语的句子都用当前完结时。
I worked here for more than twenty years.

I have worked here for many years.


小门道: 当当前完结时+一段日期,这一构造中,我们用下面的公式转变,很简捷就能取消非继续动词在完结时中的误使。
1) Tom has studied Russian for three years.
= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2) Harry has got married for six years.
= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然,第二句不对,它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
13. since的四种用法

1) since +先前一个日期点 。
I have been here since 1989.

2) since +一段日期+ ago
I have been here since five months ago.

3) since +从句
Great changes have taken place since you left.
Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.

4) It is +一段日期+ since从句
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.
被动语态的几门类型
1)主语句中有一个宾语的被动语态,如:
He saw her in the shop yesterday.
She was seen in the shop yesterday.
2) 主语有两个宾语的被动语态
Li Lei gave me a chemistry book.
I was given a chemistry book by Li Lei.
A chemistry book was given to me by Li Lei.
3)主动句中含宾语补足语的句子的被动语态
若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式,变为被动语态时,该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为
感官动词:feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch
The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
--> I was made to go out of the classroom .
We saw him play football on the playground.
--> He was seen to play football on the playground.
若宾语补足语是带to的不定式,那么被动语态仍保存to:
Mother told me not to be late
I was told not to be late by mother.
5)情态动词+ be +先前分词,构成被动语态。
Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.
6)表示"据说"或"信任" 的词组
 believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand
It is said that… 据说
It is reported that… 据报道
It is believed that… 大家信任
It is hoped that… 大家巴望
It is well known that… 家喻户晓
It is thought that… 大家觉得
It is suggested that… 据创议
It is taken granted that… 被视为当然
It has been decided that… 大家定夺
It must be remember that…必须记住的是
It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.
14. 继续动词与刹那动词

1) 用于完结时的差别
继续动词表示经验、经验; 刹那动词表示行动的结 果,不能与表示段的日期状语连用。
He has completed the work. 他已完结了那项工作。
I’ve known him since then. 我从当初起就认识他了。

2) 用于till / until从句的差别
继续动词用于评判句,表示"做……直到……" 刹那动词用于抵赖句,表示"到……,才……"
He didn’t come back until ten o’clock.
他到10 点才归来。
He slept until ten o’clock.
他一直睡到10点。

典典范题
1. You don’t need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句着重对当前的波及,我获悉她的相貌,你不用描述。再次,several times告知为重复缔造的动作,所以用当前完结时。

2.---I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 期待的动作由先前初步,继续到当前,使用现
. 不定式作宾语

1) 动词+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
示例:
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司机没能即时目睹另一辆车。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我巧合获悉你那道问题的答案。

2)动词+不定式 ; 动词+宾语+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我酷爱每件东西都保持干净。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我酷爱你年使每件东西都保持干净。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。

3) 动词+疑问词+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind which to buy.有这样多的录音机,我都拿不定主意买哪一种。

留神:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时,谓语动词用单数。
The question is how to put it into practice.
问题是怎样把它付诸施行。
2. 不定式作补语

1) 动词+宾语+不定式
advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn

例句:
a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
b. We believe him to be guilty.
我们信任他是有罪的。

Find 的特殊用法:
Find 后可用分词做宾补,或先加形式宾语,再加形容词,最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get,have。
I found him lying on the ground.
I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.

  

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  初中英语知识点,重点语法总结

  一般现在时 do
一般过去时 did
一般将来时 will do
现在进行时 is(am are)doing
过去进行时 was(were)doing
一般过去将来时 would do
过去完成时态 had done
现在完成时 have(has)done
一、 一般现在时
1、定义 表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态,如能力、特征、性质、身份等。
2、构成 1) be --- is, am, are 2) 实意动词用原形表示
句型转换 1)情态动词,联系动词提前或直接在其后加 not 2) 实意动词加do/ does或don't/ doesn't
3、用法 1) 表示经常性的、习惯性的或永久性的动作,常与 always, usually, often, sometimes, every day,
twice a month等连用. e.g. Does he usually go to school on foot?
2) 表示存在的状态,常用动词 be, have, love, like, know, see, hear, think, have, belong to 等。注意这些
动词一般不用被动语态. e.g. He doesn't like music.
3) 表示不受时间限制的客观事实或普遍真理. e.g. The earth goes round the sun.
二、一般过去时
1、定义 表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,可能是一次的,也可能是经常的,动作已完成。
2、构成 1) be – was,were 2) 实意动词用过去式来表示,没有人称和数的变化。
句型转换 1) was, were 提前或直接加 not 2) 实意动词加did或didn't
3、用法 1) 表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用 yesterday , last Friday, in 1994, an hour ago, a moment ago, last November, before 1997, on December 26, 1976. yesterday morning.
2) 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 When I was in the university, I did morning exercises every day.
3) had当有讲时,构成疑问和否定有两种形式,其他词义同实意动词。
Did you have no friends? He hasn't enough time.
My father doesn't have lunch at factory. Did you have a good time?
三、一般将来时
1、定义 表示将来某一时间内要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如tomorrow, today, this week, next week, next month, next year, next Wednesday, from now on, in a year, in the future
2、构成和用法1)shall 和will +动词原形, 缩写为 'll,否定缩写为shan't, won't。
2) be going to do,常用于口语,表示打算去做的事和可能要发生的事。 It's going to rain.
3) is/ am/ are about to do...when...表马上要发生的事,不与时间连用。I was about to leave when it rained.
4) be to do sth. 按计划或职责、义务要求必须做的事或即将发生的动作。
5) 终止性动词come, go, leave, arrive等的现在进行时刻表示按计划,安排或即将进行的动作。
6) 以if, as soon as, when, once, unless等引导的从句的一般现在时表示一般将来时。
四、过去将来时
1、定义 表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
2、构成及用法 should 或would +动词原形,常用于宾语从句中。
We asked him where we should have a meeting. 其他用法见一般将来时。
五、现在进行时和过去进行时
定义:现在进行时表示1)现在正在进行的动作 2)现阶段一直在进行,延续性 3)目前阶段临时发生的动作,暂时性。 is/ am/ are + doing
过去进行时表示1)过去某时正在进行的动作 2)过去某段时间正在进行的动作 3)过去瞬间发生的动作。was/ were + doing
Notes:1. 表安排、计划要发生的动作可用进行时表示将来时。这些终止性动词有arrive, begin, come, go, leave, start
2. 现在进行时与always, often等频率副词连用,表示厌烦、赞叹等感情。
3. 在条件从句中,时间状语从句中用现在进行时表示将来进行时。
4. 同理,在表条件、时间状语从句中,用过去进行时表示过去将来进行时,在一些表开始,离开的动词用过去进行时表过去将来时。
用法: 1. 现在完成时表示现阶段完成的动作或存在的状态,动作或状态从过去开始延续到现在,可能终止,
即动作发生在过去强调对现在的影响,与现在有关,常与 already, ever, lately, just, now, recently, yet,
for + 段时间, since + 点时间;in the last/ past three years, so far, by now, up to now/ present等连用
2. 过去时指过去某时或某一段时间发生的动作或存在的状态。指的现在之前的情况,与现在无关
3. 过去完成时指的过去某一时间动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态,过去的过去。常用句型:
1) had done + before/ when/ by the time + did 2) did + after/ until + had done
3) had done + by/ up/ since/ till + 过去时间 4) No sooner had + S. + done ... than ... did ...
5) Hardly/ Scarcely had + S. + done ... when ... did ... 6) had meant to do …
Notes: 1. just刚才表示刚刚过去,可以看成与说话时间紧密相连,可与现在完成时连用,也可以与过去时连用。但just now刚才=a moment ago, 只表示过去时间,只与过去时连用。
2. 一些终止性动词不能用完成时态的肯定句与延续多久的时间状语连用,要用表状态的动词或用动词+介词短语或+形容词的完成式,还可以用it is+多少时间+since的句型。
3. since自从……以来 conj + 从句 prep + 表示时间点的名词。for prep.+ 多少时间,表示一段时间。
He has been studying since 3 o'clock/ since 3 hours ago/ since he came. He's been here for five hours.
4. in the past/last+多少时间,表示最近一段时间,用完成时,不用过去时。
5. have been去过某地(不在去过地)have gone到某地去了(不在说话地方)。一,二人称不能用have gone。 6. 在美语中have/ has got = have/ has。
7. hardly...when..., no sooner...than... 引导倒装句,常与过去完成时连用。
8. hope, intend, mean, plan, think, want常用过去完成时表示过去的意图而实际没有实现的情况

  

  

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