小编：初中英语语法大全（人教版） 11. 动词的时态 11.1 平凡当前时的用法 1） 常常性或习性性的动作，常与表示频腮度的日期状语连用。日期状语： every, sometimes, at, on Sunday。例如： I leave
初中英语语法大全（人教版）
11. 动词的时态
11.1 平凡当前时的用法
1） 常常性或习性性的动作，常与表示频腮度的日期状语连用。日期状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点解脱家。
2） 客观真理，客观存在，在理原形。例如：
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3） 表示警句或警句。例如：
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
留神：此用法假使出当前宾语从句中，即使主句是先前时，从句谓语也要用平凡当前时。
4） 当前时刻的态势、实力、性情、个性。例如：
比拟：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用平凡当前时，用于把持演示或指点说明的示范性动作，表示言行的刹那动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标记，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用平凡当前时。
归来动词的时态目录
11.2 平凡先前时的用法
1）在评判的先前日期里所缔造的动作或存在的态势。例如：日期状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
2）表示在先前一段日期内，常常性或习性性的动作。
3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……日期了" "该……了"。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time that sb. did sth. "日期已迟了" "早该……了" ，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。 would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁肯某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用先前时，作试探性的询问、哀求、创议等，而平凡先前时表示的动作或态势都已成为先前，现已不复存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我觉得你想要一些。
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
2）情态动词 could, would。例如：
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借鉴一些吗？
归来动词的时态目录
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do："先前常常"表示先前习性性的动作或态势，但如今已不存在。例如：
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈先前没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫先前常常漫步。
be used to + doing： 对……已感到习性，或"习性于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。
11.4 平凡未来时
1） shall用于第一人称，常被will 所轮换。will 在陈述句管用于各人称，在征求意见常常用于第二人称。
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？
2） be going to +不定式，表示未来。
a. 主语的志愿，即刻做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天计划作什么呢？
b. 计划，料理要缔造的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有形迹要缔造的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。
3） be +不定式表未来，按计划或正式料理将缔造的事。
4） be about to +不定式，意为即刻做某事。例如：
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他即即刻去北京。
留神：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示评判未来时的日期状语连用。
11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表未来,will表意愿。
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客观料理或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的计划或计划。
11.7 平凡当前时表未来
1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的平凡当前时能够表示未来，主要用来表示在日期上已评判或料理好的事情。
2）以here, there等初步的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。
3）在日期或条件句中。例如：
When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。
4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如：
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我巴望他们下礼拜玩得适意。
11.8 用目向前行时表示未来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等目向前行时能够表示未来。
11.9 当前完结时
当前完结时用来表示之前已缔造或完结的动作或态势，其后果的波及当前还存在；也可表示继续到当前的动作或态势。其构成：have （has） +先前分词。
11.10 比拟平凡先前时与当前完结时
1）平凡先前时表示先前某时缔造的动作或纯真讲述先前的事情，着重动作；当前完结时为先前缔造的，着重先前的事情对当前的波及，着重的是波及。
2）平凡先前常常与透彻的日期状语连用，而当前完结时日常与隐约的日期状语连用，或无日期状语。
平凡先前时的日期状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为透彻的日期状语。
当前完结时的日期状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不停定的日期状语。
共同的日期状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3）当前完结时可表示继续到当前的动作或态势，动词平凡是继续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
平凡先前常常用的非继续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
句子中如有先前时的日期副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能应用当前完结时，要用先前时。
11.11 用于当前完结时的句型
11.13 since的四种用法
1） since +先前一个日期点（如透彻的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。
2） since +一段日期+ ago。
3） since +从句。
4） It is +一段日期+ since从句。
11.14 继续动词与刹那动词
1） 用于完结时的差别
继续动词表示经验、经验； 刹那动词表示行动的后果，不能与表示段的日期状语连用。
2） 用于till / until从句的差别
继续动词用于评判句，表示"做……直到……" 刹那动词用于抵赖句，表示"到……，才……
11.15 先前完结时
1） 思想：表示先前的先前
--------------------------> 其构成是had +先前分词构成。
当初先前 当初 当前
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如：
She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告知我她曾去过巴黎。
b. 状语从句
在先前不同日期缔造的两个动作中，缔造在先，用先前完结时；缔造在后，用平凡先前时。例如：
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察抵达时，小偷们早就跑了。
c. 表暗示向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用先前完结时表示"原本…，未能…"。例如：
We had hoped that you would come, but youdidn't. 当初我们巴望你能来，可是你不曾来。
3） 先前完结时的日期状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：
He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他先前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年，爱迪生初步自己谋生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
汤姆失望了，因为他抵达晚会时，整体部客人已经走了。
典典范题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把书忘在办公室"缔造在"去取书"这一先前的动作之前，所以"忘了书"这一动作缔造在先前的先前，用先前完结时。句中when表示的是日期的一点，表示在"学友们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作缔造。所以前一句使用先前进行时。
留神： had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如：
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚敞开门，他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如：
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。
11.16 用平凡先前时轮换先前完结时
1） 两个动作如按次序缔造，又不着重先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用平凡先前时。例如：
When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。
2 ） 两个动作相继缔造，可用平凡先前时；如第一个动作必要若干日期完结，用先前完结时。例如：
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3） 讲述历史原形，可不用先前完结时，而只用平凡先前时。例如：
11.17 未来完结时
1） 构成will have done
2） 思想
a. 态势完结：表示某事继续到未来某一时为止一直有的态势。例如：
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到当初他们结婚将有二十年了。
b. 动作完结：表示未来某一时或另一个未来的动作之前，已经完结的动作或获取的经验。例如：
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天当前，你已经抵达上海了。
11.18 目向前行时
目向前行时的大约用法：
a. 表示当前（指言语人言语时）正在缔造的事情。例如：
We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
b. 习性进行：表示长年的或重复性的动作，言语时动作未必正在进行。例如：
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。（言语时并未在写，只处于写作的态势。）
c. 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：
The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示重复缔造的动作或继续存在的态势，常常带有言语人的主观色彩。
11.19 不用进行时的动词
1）表示原形态势的动词，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。
2）表示心理态势的动词，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help. 我必要你的救助。
He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。
3）刹那动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：
I accept your advice. 我领受你的忠告。
4）系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。
11.20 先前进行时
1）思想：表示先前某时正在进行的态势或动作。
2）先前进行时的主要用法是描述一件事缔造的背景；一个长动作继续的时候，另一个短动作缔造。
3） 常用的日期状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。
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初中英语语法大全
初中英语语法大全
初中英语语法的八种时态的透彻用法：
平凡当前时 表示现阶段常常或习性缔造的动作或存在的态势,或说明主语的个性。
① 平凡当前时句子中常有的日期状语：often,usually,sometimes,always,every , once/twice,a , on ,never,in the 。如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year./ They often discuss business in the evening.
② 表示客观真理、原形、人的技巧或当前的态势时句子里平凡不用日期状语。如：The earth turns round the sun./ Light travels faster than sound.
③ 表示极端评判会缔造或依照日期表进行的事情,用平凡当前能够表白未来,句子中能够有未来日期。如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.
④ 在日期状语从句中和条件状语从句中,用平凡当前时轮换平凡未来时,句子能够有未来日期。如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany. / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.
⑤ 平凡当前时用于倒装句中能够表示正在缔造的动作,动词以come, go为主。如：Here comes the bus. / There goes the bell.。
⑥ 平凡当前常常用于体育竞赛的讲述或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it.
⑦ 人的心理活动和感官动作平凡用平凡当前时而不用目向前行时表白,常见动词有：like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think,understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see. 如：I think it is going to snow./ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.
平凡先前时 表示先前某时缔造的动作或态势,这种动作或态势或许是顺次性,也或许常常
缔造。 （此处是初中英语语法重点知识，团结例句）
① 表示先前透彻时刻缔造的顺次性动作时,日期状语有：at , ago, when引导的日期状语从句。如：I got up at 6：00 this morning./ Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning./ When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.
② 表示先前一段日期内不知何时缔造的顺次性动作时,日期状语有：yesterday, last , in 。如：He came to our city in the year 2000.
③ 表示先前一个阶段中常常缔造的事情时,日期状语有：last…, in…, from…to…, for,often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。如：Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. / Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him.
④ 讲故事、对先前经验的回忆、两方都明白的先前事件等平凡用先前时,而况常常省略日期状语。如：I happened to meet Rose in the street.
平凡未来时 表示未来某一时刻或常常缔造的动作或态势。（此处是初中英语语法重点知识，团结例句）
①平凡未来时的日期状语有：tomorrow,this ,next ,one day,now,soon,
someday,sometime, in the future, when引导的从句等。
② 用will构成的未来时,表示动作与人的主观志愿无关。shall用于第一人称,will
用于所有人称。如：I will graduate from this school soon./ You will stay alone after I leave.
③ am/is/are going to+动词原形表示计划或准备要做的事情,或许主观揣测即即刻缔造的事情,而am/is/are to +动词原形表示料理或计划中的动作。如：A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special baby./ It’s going to rain soon.
④ 表示一一己暂时定夺要做某事,能够用will表白。如：I will go to the lab to get some
chemicals. So please wait until I return.
⑤ 目向前行时、平凡当前时也能够表示未来。
⑥ shall和will 在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词。Shall平凡与第一人称连用,will与第二人称连用。如：Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?/ Will you please open the door for me?
⑦ be to +动词原形表示依照计划即刻缔造的事情。如：An angel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy.
目向前行时 目向前行时表示当前正在进行的动作或是现阶段正缔造而当前不必须在进行的动作。（此处是初中英语语法重点知识，团结例句）
① 目向前行时由助动词be +当前分词构成。
② 目向前行时的日期状语有： now, this …, these…等,但常常不用。如：What are you doing up in the tree?/ I am writing a long novel these days.
③ 表示即刻缔造的动作,平凡指近期料理好的事情。常见的动词有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如：I’m coming now./ What are you doing tomorrow?/ He is leaving soon.
④ 表示频频缔造或重复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞叹、不满或厌烦等感情色彩。如：He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.
先前进行时 先前进行时表示先前某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。
① 先前进行时由was或were+当前分词构成。
② 先前进行时的日期状语有：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at yesterday , ago, 以及由when引出的日期状语从句。如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday./ The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.
③ 用于宾语从句或日期状语从句中,表示与主句动作同时进行而况是继续日期较长。句子中日常不用日期状语。如：She was it happen when she was walking past./ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.
④ 也能够表示先前一个阶段频频缔造或重复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞叹、不满或厌烦等感情色彩。如：He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.
当前完结时 当前完结时表示一个缔造在先前的、对当前仍有波及的动作,或表示初步在先前,并且一直继续到当前,甚至还或许继续下去的动作。
①在完结时由助动词have +动词的先前分词构成。
②表示缔造在先前的对当前仍有波及的动作时,日期状语有：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。如：I have never seen such fine pictures before. / He has just gone to England.
③表示在先前初步一直继续到当前的动作或态势时,日期状语有：for ,since 1990, since 和since引导的状语从句。如：I have been away from my hometown for thirty years./ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.
④口语中have got常常表示have的意思。如：They have got thousands of books in their library.
⑤have been to与have gone to的差别：have gone to表示人不在此处,have been to表示人在此处。如：--Where is Mr Li? –He has gone to the UK./ --Do you know something about Beijing? –Yes,I have been to Beijing three times.
⑥在完结时中,一个刹那性动词不能与表示一段日期的状语连用,当前须将该刹那动词改为继续性动词或态势动词。It is / has been + + since + 主语+谓语+……+先前日期状语
[留神] 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是：刹那动词不能和表白一段日期的状语连用。如：How long may I keep the book?
先前完结时 先前完结时表示先前某一日期或某一动作缔造之前已经完结的动作。简言之, 先前完结时所表示的日期是先前的先前。
①先前完结时由助动词had+动词的先前分词构成。
②先前完结日期阴状语有：by , by then, by the end of 或许由when,before等引出状语从句。有时句子中会有already, just, once, ever, never等词语,也会有for… 或since…构成的日期状语。如：They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came./ The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.
③先前完结常常用于宾语从句中、after引导的从句中,或许从句是before引导的主句中。如：After I had put on my shoes and hat,I walked into the darkness./ He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.
先前未来时 先前未来时表示在先前预计即刻缔造的动作或存在的态势。
①先前未来时由助动词should或would+动词原形构成。在美国英语中,先前未来时的助动词一律用would +动词原形。
②先前未来常常由于宾语从句中,日期状语有：later, soon, the next .
③在日期状语从句和条件状语从句中不能够应用先前未来时,而应该应用平凡先前时。如：He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project./ Every time when he was free,he would sit down and read some books.
④表示纯粹的未来时用would或should,表示计划或主观觉得的事情用was/were going to 。如：She told me she would be 18 the next month./ She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.
⑤先前未来时还能够表示一个先前常常性的动作。如：When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.
当前完结进行时：当前完结进行时指一个从先前就初步一直继续到当前并由或许继续下去的动作,它占有当前完结时和目向前行时双重个性,构造是：have/has + been +动词的当前分词。如：I have been swimming in the cold water for about two hours./ How long have you been waiting here?
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参考资料： 博客链接
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11. 动词的时态
11.1 平凡当前时的用法
1） 常常性或习性性的动作，常与表示频腮度的日期状语连用。日期状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点解脱家。
2） 客观真理，客观存在，在理原形。例如：
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3） 表示警句或警句。例如：
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
留神：此用法假使出当前宾语从句中，即使主句是先前时，从句谓语也要用平凡当前时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证明了地球是圆的。
4） 当前时刻的态势、实力、性情、个性。例如：
I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。
比拟：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用平凡当前时，用于把持演示或指点说明的示范性动作，表示言行的刹那动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标记，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用平凡当前时。
归来动词的时态目录
11.2 平凡先前时的用法
1）在评判的先前日期里所缔造的动作或存在的态势。例如：日期状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？
2）表示在先前一段日期内，常常性或习性性的动作。例如：
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
当初，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈迎候。
3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……日期了" "该……了"。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "日期已迟了" "早该……了" ，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁肯某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用先前时，作试探性的询问、哀求、创议等，而平凡先前时表示的动作或态势都已成为先前，现已不复存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我觉得你想要一些。
比拟：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含意：她已不在人寰。）
Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含意：她当前还活着）
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含意：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含意：当前还住在肯塔基州，有或许指刚离开）
留神： 用先前时表示当前，表示委婉语气。
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2）情态动词 could, would。例如：
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借鉴一些吗？
归来动词的时态目录
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do："先前常常"表示先前习性性的动作或态势，但如今已不存在。例如：
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈先前没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫先前常常漫步。
be used to + doing： 对……已感到习性，或"习性于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫当前已习性于漫步了。
典典范题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A.didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句虽不曾评判的日期状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候不曾听懂这个动作缔造在先前，所以使用先前时。
归来动词的时态目录
11.4 平凡未来时
1） shall用于第一人称，常被will 所轮换。will 在陈述句管用于各人称，在征求意见常常用于第二人称。例如：
Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？
2） be going to +不定式，表示未来。
a. 主语的志愿，即刻做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天计划作什么呢？
b. 计划，料理要缔造的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有形迹要缔造的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。
3） be +不定式表未来，按计划或正式料理将缔造的事。例如：
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下礼拜六斟酌这份报告。
4） be about to +不定式，意为即刻做某事。例如：
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他即即刻去北京。
留神：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示评判未来时的日期状语连用。
归来动词的时态目录
11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表未来,will表意愿。例如：
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
归来动词的时态目录
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客观料理或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的计划或计划。例如：
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客观料理）
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主观料理）
归来动词的时态目录
11.7 平凡当前时表未来
1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的平凡当前时能够表示未来，主要用来表示在日期上已评判或料理好的事情。例如：
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？极端钟后。
2）以here, there等初步的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
3）在日期或条件句中。例如：
When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。
4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如：
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我巴望他们下礼拜玩得适意。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 解脱房间前，必须把窗户关了。
归来动词的时态目录
11.8 用目向前行时表示未来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等目向前行时能够表示未来。例如：
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？
归来动词的时态目录
11.9 当前完结时
当前完结时用来表示之前已缔造或完结的动作或态势，其后果的波及当前还存在；也可表示继续到当前的动作或态势。其构成：have （has） +先前分词。
归来动词的时态目录
11.10 比拟平凡先前时与当前完结时
1）平凡先前时表示先前某时缔造的动作或纯真讲述先前的事情，着重动作；当前完结时为先前缔造的，着重先前的事情对当前的波及，着重的是波及。
2）平凡先前常常与透彻的日期状语连用，而当前完结时日常与隐约的日期状语连用，或无日期状语。
平凡先前时的日期状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为透彻的日期状语。
当前完结时的日期状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不停定的日期状语。
共同的日期状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3）当前完结时可表示继续到当前的动作或态势，动词平凡是继续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
平凡先前常常用的非继续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：
I saw this film yesterday. （着重看的动作缔造过了）
I have seen this film. （着重对当前的波及，电影的内容已经获悉了）
Why did you get up so early? （着重起床的动作已缔造过了）
Who hasn't handed in his paper? （着重有卷子未交，疑为不公正竞争）
He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的态势可继续）
He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的态势可继续）
句子中如有先前时的日期副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能应用当前完结时，要用先前时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
归来动词的时态目录
11.11 用于当前完结时的句型
1）It is the first / second time. that…构造中的从句部分，用当前完结时。例如：
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第顺次拜会这城市。
This is the first time （that）I've heard him sing. 这是我第顺次听他唱歌。
留神：It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2）This is +形容词最高级+that…构造，that 从句要用当前完结时。例如：
This is the best film thatI've （ever） seen. 这是我看过的优良的电影。
典典范题
（1） ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为当前完结时，故选B。
（2） ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意为已经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完结时。
留神：非继续性动词的抵赖形式能够与表示继续日期的状语连用。即动作不缔造的态势是能够继续的。
（错）I have received his letter for a month.
（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
归来动词的时态目录
11.12 比拟since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始日期，for用来说明动作继续日期长度。例如：
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。
留神：并非有for 作为日期状语的句子都用当前完结时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. （我当前已不在此处工作。）
I have worked here for many years.（当前我仍在此处工作。）
留神：用句型转换的办法，很简捷取消非继续动词在有for/since构造的完结时中的误用。
1）（对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2）（错） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
归来动词的时态目录
11.13 since的四种用法
1） since +先前一个日期点（如透彻的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。例如：
I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在这儿。
2） since +一段日期+ ago。例如：
I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。
3） since +从句。例如：
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变换可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后，变换可大了。
4） It is +一段日期+ since从句。例如：
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上斟酌生有两年了。
归来动词的时态目录
11.14 继续动词与刹那动词
1） 用于完结时的差别
继续动词表示经验、经验； 刹那动词表示行动的后果，不能与表示段的日期状语连用。例如：
He has completed the work. 他已完结了那项工作。 （表后果）
I've known him since then. 我从当初起就认识他了。（表经验）
2） 用于till / until从句的差别
继续动词用于评判句，表示"做……直到……" 刹那动词用于抵赖句，表示"到……，才……"。例如：
Hedidn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才归来。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。
典典范题
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句着重对当前的波及，我获悉她的相貌，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为重复缔造的动作，所以用当前完结时。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 期待的动作由先前初步，继续到当前，使用当前完结时。
归来动词的时态目录
11.15 先前完结时
1） 思想：表示先前的先前
--------------------------> 其构成是had +先前分词构成。
当初先前 当初 当前
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如：
She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告知我她曾去过巴黎。
b. 状语从句
在先前不同日期缔造的两个动作中，缔造在先，用先前完结时；缔造在后，用平凡先前时。例如：
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察抵达时，小偷们早就跑了。
c. 表暗示向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用先前完结时表示"原本…，未能…"。例如：
We had hoped that you would come, but youdidn't. 当初我们巴望你能来，可是你不曾来。
3） 先前完结时的日期状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：
He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他先前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年，爱迪生初步自己谋生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
汤姆失望了，因为他抵达晚会时，整体部客人已经走了。
典典范题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把书忘在办公室"缔造在"去取书"这一先前的动作之前，所以"忘了书"这一动作缔造在先前的先前，用先前完结时。句中when表示的是日期的一点，表示在"学友们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作缔造。所以前一句使用先前进行时。
留神： had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如：
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚敞开门，他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如：
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。
归来动词的时态目录
11.16 用平凡先前时轮换先前完结时
1） 两个动作如按次序缔造，又不着重先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用平凡先前时。例如：
When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。
2 ） 两个动作相继缔造，可用平凡先前时；如第一个动作必要若干日期完结，用先前完结时。例如：
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3） 讲述历史原形，可不用先前完结时，而只用平凡先前时。例如：
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
归来动词的时态目录
11.17 未来完结时
1） 构成will have done
2） 思想
a. 态势完结：表示某事继续到未来某一时为止一直有的态势。例如：
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到当初他们结婚将有二十年了。
b. 动作完结：表示未来某一时或另一个未来的动作之前，已经完结的动作或获取的经验。例如：
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天当前，你已经抵达上海了。
归来动词的时态目录
11.18 目向前行时
目向前行时的大约用法：
a. 表示当前（指言语人言语时）正在缔造的事情。例如：
We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
b. 习性进行：表示长年的或重复性的动作，言语时动作未必正在进行。例如：
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。（言语时并未在写，只处于写作的态势。）
c. 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：
The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示重复缔造的动作或继续存在的态势，常常带有言语人的主观色彩。例如：
You are always changing your mind. 你老是变换主意。
典典范题
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一个仍在继续的态势，使用进行时，由于不曾找到，其波及依旧存在，使用完结时，刹那动词用于抵赖式时可用于完结时。
归来动词的时态目录
11.19 不用进行时的动词
1）表示原形态势的动词，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。
2）表示心理态势的动词，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help. 我必要你的救助。
He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。
3）刹那动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：
I accept your advice. 我领受你的忠告。
4）系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如：
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。
归来动词的时态目录
11.20 先前进行时
1）思想：表示先前某时正在进行的态势或动作。
2）先前进行时的主要用法是描述一件事缔造的背景；一个长动作继续的时候，另一个短动作缔造。
3） 常用的日期状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。
It was raining when they left the station. 他们解脱车站时，正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我抵达山头时，阳光华煌。
典典范题
1） Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割伤手指是已缔造的事情，使用先前时。同时，when表日期的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"供给事情缔造的背景，所以用先前进行时。
2） As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read；was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事缔造的背景时，用先前进行；一个长动作缔造的时候，另一个短动作缔造。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell（fall的先前时），是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
初中英语语法大全汇总
语法是语言学的一个 分支，斟酌按评判用法来应用的"词类"、"词"的拳曲变换或表示互相关系的其他手法以及词在句中的效能和关系。包罗词的构词、构形的法度和组词成句的法度。语法有两个 含意，一指语法构造规律本身，即语法原形；一指 语法学，是探讨并描述语法构造的在理，是语法学者对客观存在的语法体系的认识和说明。语法原形本身不曾分歧，但由于语法学者占有的资料，观望角度，剖析办法不一致，初中英语语法大全：初中英语语法大全语法学体系是有分歧的。语法包罗词法和句法两部分。词法主要是指词的构成，变换和分类规律。句法主要是指短语和句子等 语法单位的构成和变换法度。[1]
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